A dakin gwaje-gwaje na robotics na Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) suna gwaji kananan jirage marasa matuki dangane da ecolocation Wadannan jirage marasa matuka masu kama da jemage an yi su ne don yin aiki a inda hangen nesa ya gaza: cikin duhu, hayaki mai yawa, ko hadari. Wadannan jirage masu girman dabino ana nufi da su ayyukan nema da ceto a cikin al'amuran da a halin yanzu suna da matukar rikitarwa ga tsarin kasuwanci.
Tawagar, karkashin jagorancin Nitin Sanket, mataimakin farfesa na injiniyan injiniya a WPI, ya fara ne daga gaskiya mai yaduwa a cikin gaggawa: Bala'i sun katse wutar lantarki Kuma ana gudanar da ayyuka da yawa da daddare. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa suka zana wahayi daga yanayi don ƙirƙirar dandamali waɗanda ke tashi da "kunnuwa" maimakon dogaro da kyamarori, an ƙarfafa su tare da ƙananan ikon kewayawa da sarrafa algorithms.
Ta yaya ecolocation ke aiki a cikin waɗannan microdrones?
Samfurin yana amfani da a ultrasonic firikwensin Abu ne mai sauƙi, mai kama da na famfo ta atomatik, fitar da bugun jini da auna amsawa don tazara nesa da guje wa karo. Wannan ka'ida, mai alaƙa da wacce jemagu ke amfani da ita, tana ba shi damar ganowa m cikas ko tare da ƙananan bambanci, inda kyamarori za su ragu.
A cikin zanga-zangar dakin gwaje-gwaje, an fara harba jirgin mara matuki a cikin hasken yanayi sannan kuma a cikin karamin haske. wani duhu ja haskehaka kuma hazo na wucin gadi da dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin da yake gabatowa bangon plexiglass, tsarin ya yi birki akai-akai tare da juyawa, yana nuna cewa sautin ƙararrawa ya wadatar don motsi lafiya.
Daya daga cikin cikas shine hayaniya propellerwanda ke gurɓata karatun ultrasonic. Don rage wannan, masu binciken sun tsara gidaje da aka buga na 3D waɗanda ke rage tsangwama da daidaita sautin sauti, inganta siginar-zuwa-amo a cikin jirgin.
Ƙungiyar ta dace da yanayin jiki tare da ilimin artificial don tacewa da kuma rarraba amsa a cikin ainihin lokaci. Waɗannan samfuran suna taimakawa bambance ra'ayoyin da suka dace daga ƙararrawa da ƙararrawa na ƙarya, maɓalli mai mahimmanci idan kuna son haɓaka ayyuka masu rikitarwa ba tare da ƙara yawan kuzari ba.
Daga samfuri zuwa gungun masu cin gashin kansu
Bayan jirgin na asali, masu bincike suna neman motsawa daga sarrafawar hannu zuwa ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Manufar ita ce jiragen sama marasa matuki da yawa suna rarraba ƙasa, koya daga abin da wasu ke gani (ko ji), kuma su yanke shawara na gida game da inda za a ci gaba da bincike, tare da aikin ɗan adam a matsayin mai kula da dabarun.
Tare da waɗannan layin, Ryan Williams, wani farfesa a Virginia Tech, ya yi aiki a kan shirye-shiryen jiragen sama marasa matuka waɗanda ke daidaita yanayin su tare da ƙungiyoyin ceto. Ƙungiyarsa ta yi amfani bayanan tarihi daga dubban lokuta na mutanen da suka ɓace don yin kwaikwayon yadda wanda ya ɓace a cikin gandun daji ke motsawa kuma don haka ba da fifiko ga wuraren da ake iya nema.
Tare da waɗannan nau'ikan, tsarin yana sanya drones a cikin wuraren yuwuwar mafi girma kuma yana daidaita tsarin bincike bisa sabbin bayanai. Haɗin kai shirya hanya Kuma na'urori masu auna firikwensin "acoustic" suna buɗe kofa ga mafita waɗanda ke aiki ko da ba tare da ingantaccen GPS ko hangen nesa ba.
Maƙasudin ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyin sun yarda, shine 'yancin kai ya daina zama alama kawai. A yau, ƙaddamar da da gaske masu zaman kansu drones Yana da wuya a ayyukan ceto; Kalubalen ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nuna aminci, ƙarfi, da gano yanke shawara don amfani da shi.
Aikace-aikace da iyakar aiki
Shekarun baya-bayan nan sun ba da misalan jiragen da ake amfani da su wajen ayyukan ceto: ambaliya a PakistanWani shari'a a California bayan kwanaki biyu biyo bayan ruwan ruwa, ko wurin da wata hanya mai aminci ga masu hakar ma'adinai uku da suka makale a Kanada. Waɗannan su ne tsarin na al'ada, amma tsarin WPI yana nufin cike giɓi inda hangen nesa ya kasa da kuma lokaci Shine komai.
Idan waɗannan fasahohin sun girma, agajin gaggawa a Turai da Spain Za su iya tabbatar da amfani a yanayin yanayin da ya shafi hayaki, ƙura, dusar ƙanƙara, ko hadaddun ciki, kamar gine-ginen masana'antu, ramuka, ko rugujewar gine-gine. Makullin, masu bincike sun jaddada, shine a kiyaye ƙarancin farashi da ingantaccen makamashi don ba da damar tura raka'a da yawa a lokaci guda.
Don sauƙaƙe karɓowa, samfurin WPI ya dogara da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa darajar sha'awa da ƙananan ƙira waɗanda ke rage ƙimar gabaɗaya. Mafi arha kayan masarufi, sauƙin samun waɗannan “jemagu” na siliki a cikin kundin kasida ta kare jama'a.
Abin da ya rage a warware shi
Yanayin yana saita mashaya mai girma. Jemage yana iya nuna wariya ta hanyar zabar abin da yake ji da gano abubuwa masu kyau kamar gashi daga nisa da yawa. Har yanzu jirage masu saukar ungulu sun yi nisa daga wannan azanci da zaɓe, duka ta fuskar kayan aiki da sarrafawa.
Aikin WPI, wanda ke da a tallafi daga National Science FoundationAna samun ci gaba mataki-mataki: inganta gidaje, tace matatun sigina, inganta amfani da wutar lantarki, da ƙarfafa kewayawa. Duk da haka, ƙalubalen sun kasance, kamar surutun motsa jiki, ƙarfin da ake samu a irin waɗannan ƙananan sifofi, da tabbatarwa a cikin yanayi na ainihi tare da canza yanayi.
A cikin layi daya, tsarin yanayin ilimi yana bincika yadda hada ilmantarwa na ainihin bayanan bincike da daidaitawa tare da ƙungiyoyin ɗan adam a ƙasa. Haɗin kai tsakanin firikwensin sauti da hangen nesa inda zai yiwu kuma ƙirar motsi na iya hanzarta tsalle daga tabbacin ra'ayi zuwa turawa.
Hoton da waɗannan ci gaban suka zana a bayyane yake: microdrones tare da "kunnuwa"Marasa tsada da inganci, waɗannan jirage marasa matuƙa na iya rufe tafiyar dare don nema da ceto da kuma aiki a cikin swarms inda aka iyakance ganuwa. Ayyukan fasaha da na ka'ida sun rage, amma hanyar da WPI da Virginia Tech suka tsara ta buɗe hanyar da ta dace don aiki lafiya cikin duhu, hayaki, ko hadari.
