Yadda ake amfani da pip a cikin Python: cikakken jagora

Python Yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan shirye-shirye da suka fi dacewa kuma suna godiya ga iya karantawa da kuma yawan jama'ar masu haɓakawa. Koyaya, ainihin abin da ke da ikon Python shine ikon yin aiki da shi kayayyaki da fakiti, waɗanda ƙarin ɗakunan karatu ne waɗanda ke faɗaɗa ayyukan sa. Wannan shi ne inda ya zo cikin wasa. pip, mai sarrafa fakiti mai mahimmanci ga kowane mai haɓaka aiki tare da Python.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika zurfin abin da pip yake, yadda ake shigarwa da amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, da kuma ba ku. dabaru masu amfani don sarrafa fakiti da warware matsalolin gama gari. Idan har yanzu ba ku saba da pip ba ko kuma kuna son faɗaɗa ilimin ku, wannan hanyar za ta zama tabbataccen jagorar ku.

Menene pip kuma me yasa ya kamata ku yi amfani da shi?

pip kayan aikin layin umarni ne da ake amfani da shi don girka, sabuntawa, da sarrafa ɗakunan karatu a Python. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga kalmar "Fakitin Shigar Pip". Tare da pip, zaku iya samun damar dubban fakiti da ake samu a cikin ma'ajin Python na hukuma, wanda aka sani da PyPI (Python Kunshin Fihirisar).

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin pip shine da ban mamaki sauƙaƙa tsarin shigarwa da sarrafa ƙarin software don Python. Maimakon zazzagewa da daidaita ɗakunan karatu da hannu, pip yana yin duka aiki mai nauyi a gare ku, adana lokaci da kurakurai marasa mahimmanci.

Yadda ake sanin idan an shigar da pip

Kafin amfani da pip, yakamata ku tabbatar an shigar dashi akan tsarin ku. Ana iya tabbatar da wannan cikin sauƙi ta buɗe tasha da gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

pip --version

Idan kun ga bayani game da sigar pip, kuna shirye don amfani da shi. Idan ba haka ba, kuna buƙatar shigar da shi.

Sanya pip akan tsarin aiki daban-daban

Tsarin shigarwa na pip ya bambanta dangane da tsarin aiki, amma yana da sauƙi.

A kan windows

Zazzage rubutun shigarwa get-pip.py daga wannan haɗin.
Buɗe tasha (CMD ko PowerShell) kuma kewaya zuwa kundin adireshi inda kuka zazzage fayil ɗin.
Gudanar da umarni mai zuwa: python get-pip.py.

Ka tuna cewa kana buƙatar samun Python da aka shigar a baya akan tsarin ku.

A kan Mac

Tsarin macOS Na zamani yawanci sun haɗa da pip ta tsohuwa. Koyaya, zaku iya shigar dashi da hannu tare da umarni mai zuwa:

sudo easy_install pip

Wani zaɓin da aka ba da shawarar shine shigar da Python ta Homebrew, mai sarrafa kunshin don macOS. Gudu kawai:

brew install python

A Linux

Yawancin rarrabawar Linux sun haɗa da Python da pip a cikin ma'ajiyar fakitin su. Dokokin sun bambanta kadan dangane da sarrafa fakitin rarraba ku:

Don rarraba tushen Debian (kamar Ubuntu): sudo apt install python3-pip
Ga Fedora: sudo dnf install python3-pip
Don Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S python-pip
Don budeSUSE: sudo zypper install python3-pip

Asalin amfani da pip

Da zarar an shigar, zaku iya farawa bincika abin da pip zai iya yi. Ga taƙaitaccen umarni mafi amfani:

Sanya fakiti

Don shigar da ɗakin karatu, yi amfani da umarnin:

pip install nombre_del_paquete

Misali, don shigar da ɗakin karatu buƙatun, za ku iya rubuta:

pip install requests

Sabunta fakiti

Idan kana son sabunta kunshin zuwa sabon sigar sa, yi amfani da:

pip install --upgrade nombre_del_paquete

Alal misali:

pip install --upgrade requests

Cire fakiti

Don cire fakitin da ba ku buƙata, yi amfani da:

pip uninstall nombre_del_paquete

Alal misali:

pip uninstall requests

Jerin abubuwan da aka sanya

Don ganin duk fakiti da aka shigar a cikin mahallin ku, gudanar:

pip list

Shigarwa daga buƙatun.txt fayil

A cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, an saba amfani da fayil ɗin da ake kira bukatun.txt wanda ya ƙunshi jerin abubuwan dogaro da ake buƙata. Don shigar da su gaba ɗaya, yi amfani da:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Ƙirƙiri ku sarrafa mahallin kama-da-wane

Yanayin kama-da-wane yana ba ku damar ware dogara da wani aiki don kada su tsoma baki tare da wasu. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ta ta amfani da kayan aiki wuta, wanda aka haɗa a cikin Python farawa da sigar 3.3:

python -m venv nombre_entorno

Don kunna shi:

source nombre_entorno/bin/activate (a kan Linux da Mac)

nombre_entorno\Scripts\activate (a cikin Windows)

Sa'an nan kowane shigarwa tare da pip za a iyakance ga yanayin gari cewa kun kunna.

Shirya matsala gama gari

Idan kun haɗu da kurakurai ta amfani da pip, anan akwai hanyoyin magance matsalolin gama gari:

Rashin isassun izini: Usa sudo akan Linux/Mac ko gudanar da tashar a matsayin mai gudanarwa akan Windows.
Rashin shigar fakiti: Tabbatar da tsarin dogara Ana sabunta su.
Matsaloli tare da sigogi: Amfani pip freeze don lissafa fakitin da nau'ikan su na yanzu.

Kwarewar pip da ayyukan sa shine mabuɗin don haɓaka aikinku tare da Python. Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar ɗan ban tsoro da farko, da zarar kun saba da ainihin umarninsa, za ku ga cewa kayan aiki ne na dole a cikin makaman haɓaka ku.

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